Government Shutdowns: What They Mean for Investors

Sean Gross, CFP®, AIF® | Co-Founder & CEO

The federal government is now officially shut down as policymakers work to reach a new funding agreement. This development comes during a year already marked by significant uncertainty surrounding government policies on trade, taxes, immigration, and other critical issues that impact both the economy and financial markets.

It's understandable that investors may be concerned about how political developments could influence their investment portfolios, particularly those who are worried about the growing budget deficit and national debt. By examining historical trends and understanding why markets typically move past these events, investors can maintain a balanced perspective even during times of political disagreement in Washington.

Although political tensions in Washington can generate uncertainty, historical evidence indicates that government shutdowns generally have a modest effect on financial markets. While these shutdowns can present real challenges for government employees, their influence on financial markets has been historically limited. For investors with long-term horizons, these situations underscore the importance of distinguishing between political perspectives and financial planning strategies. This distinction becomes particularly relevant when news coverage emphasizes contentious issues that have not traditionally influenced investment outcomes.

Markets and the economy have historically weathered government shutdowns

Each year, the federal government is required to approve a budget for the upcoming fiscal year, which starts on October 1. Although the government enacted the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" earlier this year establishing tax and spending frameworks, a budget is still necessary to distribute actual funding to various departments and agencies. If this deadline is not met, the government may shut down, leading to interruptions in government services and the furloughing of employees.

Congress rarely meets the deadline for passing budget bills on time. This pattern is perhaps unsurprising given Washington's increasingly divided political climate, where finding common ground has become progressively more challenging. Throughout nearly five decades, Congress has successfully passed appropriations bills before the fiscal year deadline only on a handful of occasions, making eleventh-hour negotiations standard practice. A frequently employed workaround is a "continuing resolution," which provides temporary government funding while lawmakers continue discussions. Republicans are currently advancing a seven-week stopgap measure for this purpose.

The accompanying chart demonstrates that government shutdowns have been a recurring feature since 1980 across administrations of both political parties, with limited lasting effects on financial markets. The data shows this held true even during particularly contentious shutdowns, such as those during the Reagan years, Clinton's 21-day shutdown in 1995, Obama's 16-day shutdown in 2013, and Trump's 35-day shutdown spanning late 2018 to early 2019—the longest in history. From an investment standpoint, shutdowns have typically represented brief interruptions rather than fundamental challenges to economic expansion.

Underlying political disagreements drive shutdown scenarios

The present circumstances stem from disputes regarding spending priorities, with healthcare being a primary focus. Although immediate government funding remains the central issue, these budget confrontations reveal more fundamental disagreements about government's proper role and fiscal accountability. With federal debt currently approaching 120% of GDP, there is broad consensus about the necessity of fiscal discipline, yet significant disagreement persists regarding implementation methods.

A distinctive aspect of this situation involves the administration's instruction to agencies to develop permanent workforce reduction strategies beyond the usual temporary furloughs. This marks a shift from earlier shutdown approaches and may produce more enduring effects on employment and government spending. It should be noted that furloughed federal employees automatically receive back pay after a shutdown concludes, a provision established during the negotiations that resolved the 2018 to 2019 shutdown.

Some investors may view the prospect of a government shutdown alongside other fiscal concerns like the debt ceiling. Debt ceiling challenges arise when previously approved government spending requires payment, but the Treasury Department lacks authorization to borrow beyond a specified threshold. The sole remedy in such scenarios is for Congress to increase the debt limit, otherwise the government faces the possibility of defaulting on its financial obligations. These various fiscal challenges have led major credit rating agencies to lower the U.S. debt rating from AAA. Fortunately, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act also increased the debt ceiling by $5 trillion, postponing this particular concern for the foreseeable future.

Financial markets prioritize fundamentals over political developments

Despite concerns many investors hold regarding the nation's fiscal direction, government shutdowns have typically proven unremarkable for financial markets. The explanation is clear: shutdowns represent temporary interruptions that don't alter fundamental economic conditions.

Shutdowns may affect the release of economic data, potentially influencing critical information used by investors and economists, including the Bureau of Labor Statistics' employment reports and Consumer Price Index. However, this generally only postpones data availability, with normal reporting resuming after the shutdown ends. Extended shutdowns can also create modest challenges for economic growth, as federal employees postpone purchases and government services experience disruptions.

The Economic Policy Uncertainty chart shown above illustrates how tariffs and taxes earlier this year posed substantial challenges for investors. Nevertheless, with recent resolution on both matters, this indicator has declined toward its historical average. While the shutdown could potentially generate increased uncertainty, historical patterns indicate that even prolonged government disruptions have not typically affected investors significantly.

The bottom line? Although government shutdowns may capture media attention, pose difficulties for federal employees, and interrupt essential services, they have historically exerted minimal influence on financial markets. Investors are best served by maintaining focus on their financial strategies rather than day-to-day political developments in Washington.

September 2025 Market Chartbook

Sean Gross, CFP®, AIF® | Co-Founder & CEO

Click here to view our September 2025 Market Chartbook.

Q4 2025 Market Update: Managing Mixed Economic Indicators

Sean Gross, CFP®, AIF® | Co-Founder & CEO

Market volatility is an inherent aspect of investing, and 2025 has certainly demonstrated this reality. Though downturns—like the tariff-induced selloff—can feel unsettling, they often present chances to purchase assets at better prices. Conversely, when markets rebound and reach new peaks, investors may experience anxiety despite solid underlying fundamentals. In either case, maintaining portfolios designed to endure various market phases while keeping long-term financial objectives in mind becomes increasingly crucial.

Entering the year's fourth quarter, investors confront mixed signals. During Q3, the S&P 500 hit fresh all-time highs, buoyed by robust corporate earnings and artificial intelligence excitement. Simultaneously, the labor market has deteriorated notably since early summer, sparking worries about economic fundamentals and consumer financial stability. Yet GDP growth has remained solid, and inflation has been relatively contained.

Such market conditions highlight the value of long-term investment strategies and financial planning. Instead of responding to news cycles and economic data releases, investors should maintain well-designed portfolios capable of adapting to market transitions. This demands comprehension of the fundamental trends that will influence markets in coming quarters.

Primary Market and Economic Factors in Q3

• During Q3, the S&P 500, Nasdaq, and Dow Jones Industrial Average posted gains of 7.8%, 11.2%, and 5.2% respectively, all achieving new record highs in September. For the year through Q3, they have advanced 13.7%, 17.3%, and 9.1%.
• The Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index increased 2.0% during Q3 and has risen 6.1% year-to-date. The 10-year Treasury yield closed the quarter at 4.15% after touching 4.02% in September.
• International developed market equities (MSCI EAFE) climbed 4.2% while emerging market stocks (MSCI EM) advanced 10.1% in the quarter.
• Gold surged to a record high of $3,841 per ounce, marking a 16% quarterly increase.
• Bitcoin finished at $114,641, below its August high.
• The U.S. Dollar Index dropped to 96.63 in September before closing at 97.78 for the quarter. Year-to-date, the dollar has fallen 9.9%.
• The Bureau of Labor Statistics' latest report showed just 22,000 net new jobs in August. Since May, monthly job gains have averaged only 26,800.
• The Federal Reserve reduced rates by 0.25% to a 4% to 4.25% range at its September meeting.

For long-term investors, overall market valuation levels represent a critical consideration. Beyond simply examining market prices, valuations reveal what investors receive for those prices in terms of earnings, cash flow, sales, dividends, and other corporate fundamentals. While elevated valuations indicate investor optimism, they also suggest expectations may be excessive in certain market segments.

Market valuations approaching historical peaks

The above chart illustrates this through the Shiller price-to-earnings ratio for the S&P 500. The current 38x reading significantly exceeds the 35-year average of 27x and nears levels last observed during the dot-com bubble. This metric offers a longer-term view than traditional P/E ratios by incorporating a ten-year earnings history adjusted for inflation.

These valuation levels aren't surprising given the powerful rally of the past two quarters. The S&P 500 has surged 34% since April 8, producing a double-digit annual gain. Technology stocks across multiple sectors have driven the market higher, just as they led the decline. The Magnificent 7 stocks, for example, have jumped 61% from their lows. Though investors increasingly question whether corporate artificial intelligence spending will yield positive returns, this has undeniably been a major catalyst for the broader market and business investment.

Importantly, valuations don't forecast near-term market direction and shouldn't be used for market timing. Rather, they function as essential inputs for asset allocation decisions. While broad market valuations are elevated, this doesn't apply uniformly across all market segments. Small-caps, value stocks, and international equities currently trade at more attractive valuations than large-caps, growth stocks, and U.S. equities. This presents opportunities for investors with diversified perspectives and extended time horizons.

Federal Reserve reduces rates as employment weakens 

In September 2025, the Federal Reserve lowered interest rates by 0.25%, continuing its easing cycle after maintaining steady rates throughout much of the year. This move reflects the Fed's effort to balance persistent inflation above the 2% target against a deteriorating labor market. Markets widely anticipated this rate cut, which has provided support in recent months.

Multiple factors distinguish this easing cycle as unique. Historically, the Fed has reduced rates in response to economic crises or recessions. While some weakness exists today, overall growth remains solid. Recent cuts therefore represent something distinct: an effort to normalize policy following the aggressive tightening cycle that commenced in 2022. This explains why the Fed is easing policy despite ongoing economic expansion and markets trading at record levels.

The deteriorating job market has been perhaps the most significant factor influencing the Fed's decision. Though the 4.3% unemployment rate remains historically low, job creation has decelerated sharply. August added merely 22,000 new payrolls, well below the 123,000 average from earlier in the year.

More striking still are payroll revisions which indicate 911,000 fewer jobs were created during the twelve months through March than initially reported, as the chart above demonstrates. The Bureau of Labor Statistics annually revises payroll figures based on more precise data than available during monthly job reports. While these numbers remain preliminary, a revision of this scale would mark the largest in history, revealing the job market has been weaker than previously understood.

Consequently, the Fed is reducing rates because, according to the latest FOMC statement, it "judges that downside risks to employment have risen." For investors, rate cuts generally support both stocks and bonds when the economy maintains strength.

Policy uncertainty and market volatility currently subdued

Following substantial volatility from tariffs and taxes earlier this year, economic policy uncertainty measures have improved. The VIX index of stock market volatility hovers near 16.3, below the long-run average of 18, while the MOVE index of bond market volatility has declined to 78, beneath the 87 average.

Long-term investors understand that calm market periods can shift rapidly. Recent years have witnessed numerous episodes of heightened volatility stemming from inflation, trade conflicts, Washington policy, the Fed, recession concerns, geopolitical tensions, and more. The current government shutdown represents just the latest event that could disturb markets short-term, even if long-term effects prove limited. Similarly, tariff policy outcomes and inflation impacts remain uncertain.

For investors, this uncertainty may feel uncomfortable, yet it's also what generates long-term portfolio results. Recent years also illustrate the gap between investor fears and actual market performance. Rather than treating uncertainty as something to avoid, successful long-term investors recognize it as a market characteristic that creates opportunities to position portfolios for future years.

The bottom line? With Q4 beginning, markets are trading near record highs amid conflicting economic data. This environment emphasizes the critical importance of maintaining proper asset allocation, a flexible investment approach, and remaining focused on long-term financial objectives.

August 2025 Market Chartbook

Sean Gross, CFP®, AIF®

Co-Founder & CEO

Click here to view our August 2025 Market Chartbook.

August 2025 Market Review: Stocks Hit Records Amid Fed Policy Shifts and Strong Corporate Results

Sean Gross, CFP®, AIF®

Co-Founder & CEO

Financial markets achieved record highs during August, with both equities and fixed income delivering positive returns for investors. This performance materialized despite ongoing concerns regarding trade policy, central bank autonomy, and technology sector valuations. The month opened with new tariff measures taking effect on major trading partners following the conclusion of a 90-day grace period. Subsequently, a federal appeals court determined these "reciprocal tariffs" violated legal standards, potentially setting up a Supreme Court review.

Mid-month turbulence emerged as investors worried the Federal Reserve might maintain elevated interest rates longer to combat inflation. Recent inflation data, including the Producer Price Index, indicated businesses were beginning to transfer tariff expenses to customers. Nevertheless, market optimism returned quickly thanks to stronger-than-anticipated corporate earnings and increased confidence the Fed would reduce policy rates at its September gathering.

Economic data presented a mixed picture. Second-quarter GDP growth received an upward revision from 3.0% to 3.3%, representing a substantial recovery from the first quarter's 0.5% contraction. Conversely, the monthly employment report revealed a sharp drop in job creation, with significant downward adjustments to previous months' figures. This prompted the White House to dismiss the Bureau of Labor Statistics Commissioner, contributing to the uncertain atmosphere.

Nevertheless, market volatility remained subdued compared to historical norms. August's robust results across asset classes highlighted the value of maintaining diversified portfolios with long-term perspectives.

Primary Market and Economic Developments

• The S&P 500 advanced 1.9% during August, while the Dow Jones Industrial Average climbed 3.2% and the Nasdaq increased 1.6%. For the year, the S&P 500 has gained 9.8%, the Dow has risen 7.1%, and the Nasdaq has appreciated 11.1%.
• The Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index posted a 1.2% gain in August. The 10-year Treasury yield concluded the month lower at 4.2%.
• International developed markets surged 4.1% in U.S. dollar terms via the MSCI EAFE index, while emerging markets advanced 1.2% according to the MSCI EM index. Year-to-date, the MSCI EAFE index has climbed 20.4% and the MSCI EM index 17.0%.
• The U.S. dollar index finished the month lower at 97.8.
• Bitcoin declined in August, closing the month at 109,127 following a "flash crash" on August 24.
• Gold prices reached a new all-time high of $3,487 at month-end.
• The Consumer Price Index increased 2.7% year-over-year in July, matching economist forecasts.
• The employment report revealed only 73,000 new jobs were created in July. Major downward revisions to May and June data indicated the labor market performed much worse than initially reported. The unemployment rate held steady at 4.2%.

Strong corporate earnings drove market gains

Although daily news cycles and headlines may influence short-term market movements, underlying factors such as corporate earnings and asset valuations determine long-term portfolio performance. While equity valuations appear elevated relative to historical benchmarks, this is justified by companies that maintain robust earnings growth trajectories.

Recent earnings season data reveals that 81% of S&P 500 companies surpassed analyst projections, according to FactSet. This represents the highest beat rate since the third quarter of 2023, indicating that economic conditions and corporate fundamentals have proven more resilient than anticipated.[1] These results also highlight corporate adaptability as businesses navigate tariff implementation, manage increased costs, and identify growth opportunities amid policy uncertainties.

Significant investor attention has focused on the Magnificent 7, a collection of mega-cap enterprises, some with market capitalizations exceeding multiple trillions. This group now comprises more than one-third of the S&P 500, making their performance crucial for broader market direction. While earnings outcomes were varied across this group, several of these "hyperscalers" delivered results above expectations. Despite concerns about an "AI bubble," these outcomes helped fuel a market rally during August's latter half.

Rate reduction expectations build for the Fed

Meanwhile, consumer-oriented companies reported varied outcomes reflecting shifting household expenditure patterns. This situation has intensified with tariff implementation, as firms transfer a larger share of tariff expenses to end users. When combined with disappointing employment data, markets began pricing in more substantial rate reductions starting in September.

Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell delivered his clearest indication yet that the central bank stands ready to resume interest rate cuts after this year's pause, speaking at their annual Jackson Hole, Wyoming conference. The Fed operates under a "dual mandate" to maintain price stability and full employment. Recently, they have maintained relatively elevated interest rates due to persistent inflation and robust job market conditions. Therefore, initial indicators of labor market weakness could influence Fed decision-making toward cautious rate reductions.

Lower rates may unlock opportunities across investments

The possibility of further Fed rate cuts may generate opportunities across multiple asset categories. Beyond supporting broad economic expansion, reduced interest rates can improve corporate borrowing conditions, lower barriers to new initiatives, and enhance the present value of future earnings streams. For fixed income, declining interest rates increase the value of existing bonds that were issued with higher coupon rates.

Bond yields have traded within a tight range this year, with the 10-year Treasury yield typically moving between 4.0% and 4.5%. Even as short-term yields may fall with Fed rate cuts, numerous bond sectors continue offering attractive income levels. The U.S. aggregate bond index currently yields 4.4%, investment-grade corporate bonds 4.9%, and high-yield bonds 6.7%. These rates exceed long-term averages and strengthen diversified portfolios.

For comprehensive portfolios, investors should maintain focus on balancing various risk and return components. Issues including tariffs, Fed policy, and potential government shutdown risks in Washington represent just some challenges investors will encounter in coming months. Instead of responding to individual events, maintaining a portfolio capable of weathering these fluctuations while delivering both income and long-term appreciation remains the optimal approach for achieving financial objectives.

The bottom line? August delivered record market highs despite numerous policy uncertainties. Solid earnings and economic expansion continue supporting portfolios through persistent volatility.

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[1]https://advantage.factset.com/hubfs/Website/Resources%20Section/Research%20Desk/Earnings%20Insight/EarningsInsight_082925.pdf